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The cannabis plant has over 100 cannabinoids, including cannabigerol(CBG). Like the popular CBD, CBG is a non-psychoactive compound of the cannabis plant. It is considered the stem of other cannabinoids since they are derived from its acidic form, cannabigerol acid (CBGA). When CBGA is heated, it is broken down into cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabichromene (CBC). CBG is available in small amounts, with CBD and THC being significant cannabinoids. However, it has unique benefits to the human body, including reducing inflammatory diseases and suppressing the growth of tumors. This article discusses the benefits of cannabigerol and its relationship with cannabidiol. 

What is CBG?

CBG is a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid in the cannabis plant, from which other cannabinoids are derived. CBGA, the acidic form of CBG, is heated and broken down to form other cannabinoids, such as CBD and THC. Therefore, CBG is considered the parent cell of the other phytocannabinoids. It is available in small amounts and does not have psychoactive effects. CBG oil is a rare compound; the cannabis plant contains 1% CBD, making it expensive.

CBG is mainly extracted from hemp and is legal in the UK. It has several benefits to the human body, including killing cancer cells and treating glaucoma (Patel,2017). Some people use CBG for therapeutic and medicinal purposes. According to Schlag (2020), the medicinal use of hemp was legalized in the UK in 2018. Excessive intake of CBG can lead to adverse side effects, such as dry mouth, diarrhea, nausea, and drowsiness. However, more studies concerning CBG oil are needed to ascertain its benefits and side effects.

Cannabigerol vs. Cannabidiol

CBD is a widely-known compound due to its availability. In contrast, CBG is a rare compound, making it expensive. While cannabigerol and cannabidiol are non-psychotropic compounds of the cannabis plant, CBD works with the endocannabinoid system as a whole, as CBG interacts with CB1 and CB2 receptors. CBG constitutes 5% of the hemp plant content, while CBD is as high as 20% in the hemp plant.

CBG is a legal compound in the UK with no rules governing its usage. On the other hand, CBD is bound by strict regulations; the product must contain less than 0.2% THC. Notably, THC is a controlled substance in the UK; products with less than 0.2% THC are legally permissible.

Benefits of CBG Oil

CBG has several benefits to the human body. They include:

Reducing Inflammation

According to Giorgi et al. (2021), CBG has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that suppress inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). 

Stimulation of Appetite

Loss of appetite can lead to decreased body weight. According to Brierley et al. (2016), CBG can help one regain appetite, leading to weight gain. However, obese people can also use CBG to burn fats and improve their body's metabolic rate.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a medical disorder affecting the optic nerve. It is a leading cause of blindness in individuals aged 60 years and above. The eye disorder is caused by high pressure in the eyes. Challener (2022) explained that CBG could reduce the chances of contracting glaucoma by reducing ocular pressure and increasing aqueous outflow.

Treatment of Urinary Dysfunction

Bladder problems make one uncomfortable, especially if they visit the restroom frequently. Li et al. (2014) noted that CBG could help regulate bladder contractions.

Reduce Growth of Tumor Cells

According to Nallathambi et al. (2018), CBG helps kill colorectal tumor cells responsible for colon cancer. 

Huntington's Disease

Huntington's disease is an inherited condition. It could also cause gene mutation. The disorder causes degeneration of brain cells. Huntington's disease leads to cognitive, movement, and psychiatric conditions. According to Stone et al. (2020), CBG is a neuroprotective compound that suppresses the development of Huntington's disease.

Helps with Focus

CBG intake can help one stay focused. Unlike CBD, CBG acts as a neuroprotectant. Similarly, CBG helps one stay focused and productive.

The Endocannabinoid System and CBG

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a network of nerves responsible for maintaining the human body's homeostatic state. It has the CB1 and CB2 receptors located in the central nervous system and immune system, respectively. CBG directly interacts with CB1 and CB2 receptors to help regulate mood, sleep, and appetite. 

Is CBG Legal in the UK?

There are no rules governing CBG oil in the UK. Laws governing cannabis products in the UK classify a substance as controlled or illegal if it contains over 0.2% THC. 

Will I Get High Taking CBG Oil?

CBG is non-psychotropic; it lacks THC and may not make you high; THC is the psychoactive compound responsible for highness in cannabis products.

Does CBG Oil Have Any Side Effects?

Research on CBG oil and its possible side effects is still in its infancy. Therefore, there is no conclusive evidence that CBG oil has adverse effects. However, excessive intake of CBG oil may lead to dry mouth and eyes, dizziness, sleepiness, and hunger. Therefore, consult a health physician before taking CBG oil.

Factors to Consider When Buying CBG Oil

Before purchasing CBG oil, some factors need to be considered. The consideration will make you choose safe and effective CBG oil without impurities and harm to the human body. Some of the factors are discussed below:

The Hemp Source

Most legal cannabis products are sourced from hemp. The production of hemp is legal in the UK. Therefore, purchase CBG oil extracted from a reliable hemp source to avoid consuming contaminated CBG oil.

Extraction Method

CBG oil can be extracted through carbon (iv) oxide (C0₂) or ethanol extraction methods. The C0₂ method is the safest and most effective method of extracting CBG, as it removes impurities that may harm the human body. Similarly, CO₂ is organic and does not harm negative effects on the body.

Third-party Test

Before purchasing CBG products, ensure they have passed through third-party lab tests. A third-party result objectively assesses a product's ingredients, contaminants, and the possible presence of heavy metals. It also shows the transparency of the production process. 

Brand

Several brands produce CBG oil. Therefore, the possibility of purchasing counterfeit CBG products is high. Buy from a reputable brand with fewer warnings from regulatory bodies. A reputable brand is keen on its image protection and may not produce low-quality products.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about CBG Oil

What is CBG Compared to CBD?

CBG and CBD are phytocannabinoids of the cannabis plant. CBG is considered the parent of all other cannabinoids in the cannabis plant. The acidic form of CBG is broken down into THC and CBC through heating. CBD is present in massive amounts compared to CBG. 

Will CBG Make You Sleepy?

CBG is a non-psychoactive compound and does not make one high. Moreover, it is not sedative. When one takes CBG, they will feel active, focused, and energized compared to CBD. In addition, CBG can help with sleeplessness and factors causing insomnia. Therefore, CBG is ideal after work.

Does CBG Help Anxiety?

Popescu-Spineni et al. (2021) observed that CBD has several therapeutic benefits. The cannabis derivative has anti-anxiety properties that can help deal with anxiety. CBG works with CB1 and CB2 receptors in the endocannabinoid system. Maroon & Bost (2018) argued that CBG's interaction with CB1 and CB2 receptors helps activate neurotransmitters that reduce anxiety and improve mood. 

Is CBGA a Stimulant?

Patil et al. (2020) noted that CBG could be used to stimulate appetite. Loss of appetite can make one lose weight.

How Does CBG Oil Make You Feel?

CBG oil is a non-psychoactive compound that will make you feel focused and energized, enabling you to be active and productive. However, the effects of CBG may vary from one person to the other. Do not overdose on CBG oil to avoid adverse side effects such as dry mouth. 

Can CBG Make You Feel High?

CBG is a non-psychoactive compound. It is also an anti-psychotic drug to counteract the high feeling caused by THC. The high feeling associated with THC is caused by the activation of the CB1 and CB2 receptors. When activated, the receptors lead to the production of feel-good hormones such as dopamine and serotonin. 

Will CBG Show Up on a Drug Test?

A drug test is performed to check the level of THC in the body. As aforementioned, CBG contains limited amounts of THC and will not appear on a drug test. 

Does CBG Increase Serotonin?

 Serotonin hormone mood. It is released into the body after the active interaction of drugs with CB1 and CB2 receptors. As aforementioned, CBG enhances the production of serotonin to help deal with mood changes, depression, and anxiety. 

Can CBG Help with Depression?

A decrease in serotonin and dopamine hormones may lead to depression. Therefore, CBG oil can act as an anti-depressant by activating the serotonin hormone. Inflammatory bowel diseases can also lead to anxiety and depression. Therefore, by reducing such conditions, CBG alleviates depression. 

Is CBG Good for ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, commonly known as ADHD, is a brain disorder diagnosed from a tender age. However, adults can also get ADHD. It makes an individual impulsive, hyperactive, and unable to concentrate. CBG binds with CB1 receptors in the central nervous system to control ADHD disorder.

What Benefits Does CBG Have?

CBG can be used for therapeutic and medicinal purposes. As discussed above, individuals can use CBG to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and glaucoma. Moreover, it can induce appetite and reduce the growth of tumor cells responsible for colon cancer. Therefore, one can enjoy the use of CBG oil without the intoxicating effect associated with THC.

Does CBG Calm You Down?

CBG has anti-anxiety and anti-depressant properties that regulate mood. Most people use CBG oil to alleviate stress and anxiety, leading to a calm state of the body. Stress and anxiety can lead to depression and irrational decisions. 

Which is Stronger: CBN or CBG?

Cannabinol (CBN) is derived from CBD through a chemical conversion. It has the same molecular structure as THC. However, CBN provides more relaxation compared to CBG. On the other hand, CBG is effective in regulating mood, making the user productive and focused. Your choice of cannabinoid depends on your preferences.

How Long Does it Take for CBG to Get Out of Your System?

CBG can last in the body for 24-48 hours. However, the duration depends on the intake. If you consume a high dosage of CBG or are a regular user, CBG may last for a week.

What are CBG Gummies?

CBG can be consumed through edibles, such as gummies. One can find CBG gummies mostly in full-spectrum composition. The cannabis derivatives are made from full-spectrum CBD oil. Therefore, CBG gummies consist of all cannabinoids in the hemp plant, including terpenes. They are consumed orally and go through the digestive system before reaching the bloodstream. If you are new to CBG gummies, it is advisable to start low and gradually increase your intake to avoid adverse side effects. Excessive intake of CBG gummies can lead to dry mouth, dizziness, anxiety, and nausea.

Is CBG Good for PTSD?

Stone et al. (2020) noted that CBG could be used to treat neurological disorders since it has neuroprotective properties. 

Can CBG Cause Headaches?

No. According to di Giacomo et al. (2020), CBG has neuroprotective properties that prevent or treat headaches and migraine. 

Is CBG Good for IBS?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by stomach bloating and cramping. CBG has anti-inflammatory properties that can help with inflammatory bowel diseases, such as IBS, through the CB2 receptors of the endocannabinoid system.

Is CBG an Indica or Sativa?

The cannabis plant is available in two strains; indica and sativa. Cannabis indica has a large amount of THC, which is responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis. On the other hand, sativa has a high amount of CBD compound, better known for medicinal benefits to the human body. Most cannabis products are extracted from hemp, a cannabis sativa specie. CBG has no psychoactive effect on its users. Therefore, it is a cannabis sativa product. 

Is CBG Good for Nerve Pain?

CBG is considered the most efficacious cannabis compound for pain relief. Hence, it provides treatment for multiple forms of pain, including nerve pain.

Does Full Spectrum CBD Have CBG?

Yes. Full spectrum CBD consists of all cannabinoids present in the hemp plant. They include terpenes, flavonoids, THC, CBG, CBN, and CBC. The presence of all these cannabinoids makes full spectrum CBD give out the entourage effect, a process in which cannabinoids in the cannabis plant work together to give therapeutic and medicinal benefits to the body.

Does CBG Help with Stomach Inflammation?

CBG has anti-inflammatory properties that can help with bowel diseases, such as stomach inflammation; it reduces pain and other causes of inflammation. 

Is CBG Good for Gut Health?

A healthy gut leads to a perfect digestive system. Conditions such as IBS might lead to poor digestion. CBG acts on the CB2 receptors to help with digestion. CBG's anti-inflammatory properties can eliminate inflammation and pain, promoting a good digestive process. Moreover, CBG can help with Crohn's disease and ulcers.

Can CBG Help with Constipation?

Yes. CBG can help relieve constipation and act as a preventive supplement. 

How Does CBG Help with Digestion?

Indigestion (dyspepsia) can be caused by conditions such as ulcers and GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). It has symptoms such as burping food, bloating, and stomach rumbles. CBG can help eliminate improper digestion by suppressing nausea that severe GERD. 

How Long Does CBG Stay in the Body?

CBG intake determines the duration the compound stays in the user's system. CBG takes 24-48 hours to clear from the body. However, frequent usage and excessive intake make it last longer in the human body.

Conclusion

CBG is a non-psychoactive cannabis compound. It is a rare but legal compound in the UK with no rules governing it. The cannabis extract is domiciled in the hemp plant, which has less THC content. CBG works specifically with CB1 and CB2 receptors to disease its health benefits. It can treat inflammatory bowel diseases and glaucoma, kill cancer cells, treat bladder dysfunctions, and stimulate appetite. The cannabis compound activates serotonin and dopamine hormones that regulate mood by reducing stress and anxiety. While CBG is well-tolerated in the body, too much intake might lead to adverse side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth. 

References

Brierley, D. I., Samuels, J., Duncan, M., Whalley, B. J., & Williams, C. M. (2016). Cannabigerol is a novel, well-tolerated appetite stimulant in pre-satiated rats. Psychopharmacology, 233(19), 3603-3613.

Challener, C. (2022). Synthesis, Extraction, and Purification of Cannabinoids.

di Giacomo, V., Chiavaroli, A., Recinella, L., Orlando, G., Cataldi, A., Rapino, M., ... & Ferrante, C. (2020). Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects induced by cannabidiol and cannabigerol in rat CTX-TNA2 astrocytes and isolated cortexes. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(10), 3575.

Giorgi, V., Marotto, D., Batticciotto, A., Atzeni, F., Bongiovanni, S., &Sarzi-Puttini, P. (2021). Cannabis and autoimmunity: Possible mechanisms of action. ImmunoTargets and Therapy, 10, 261.

Li, P., Song, Q., Liu, T., Wu, Z., Chu, X., Zhang, X., ... & Chu, L. (2014). Inhibitory Effect of Cinobufagin on L-Type C Currents, Contractility, and C Homeostasis of Isolated Adult Rat Ventricular Myocytes. The Scientific World Journal, 2014.

Maroon, J., & Bost, J. (2018). Review of the neurological benefits of phytocannabinoids. Surgical neurology international, 9.

Nallathambi, R., Mazuz, M., Namdar, D., Shik, M., Namintzer, D., Vinayaka, A. C., ... &Koltai, H. (2018). Identification of synergistic interaction between cannabis-derived compounds for cytotoxic activity in colorectal cancer cell lines and colon polyps that induces apoptosis-related cell death and distinct gene expression. Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 3(1), 120-135.

Patel, G. C. (2017). Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid-Induced Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma. University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth.

Patil, A. S., Mahajan, U. B., Agrawal, Y. O., Patil, K. R., Patil, C. R., Ojha, S., ... & Goyal, S. N. (2020). Plant-derived natural therapeutics targeting cannabinoid receptors in metabolic syndrome and its complications: A review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 132, 110889.

POPESCU-SPINENI, D. M., MUNTEANU, A. M., IONESCU-TÂRGOVIŞTE, C., MILITARU, C., & MOLDOVEANU, A. C. (2021). CANNABIS TERPENES IN RELATION TO HUMAN HEALTH. Rev. Roum. Chim, 66(7), 583-592.

Schlag, A. K. (2020). An evaluation of regulatory regimes of medical cannabis: what lessons can be learned for the UK?. Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids, 3(1), 76-83.

Stone, N. L., Murphy, A. J., England, T. J., & O'Sullivan, S. E. (2020). A systematic review of minor phytocannabinoids with promising neuroprotective potential. British Journal of Pharmacology, 177(19), 4330-4352.